churchhistoryРоссийский журнал истории ЦерквиRussian Journal of Church History2686-973X2687-069XSilicea-Poligraf LLC10.15829/2686-973X-2024-158EJUOSEchurchhistory-158Research ArticleИстория ЦерквиChurch history«Quattuor sanctissimi episcopi»: кто, кроме Патрика?"Quattuor sanctissimi episcopi": not just St. Patrickhttps://orcid.org/0009-0004-4259-6049КухтенковаО. А.KuchtenkovaO. A.

Кухтенкова Ольга Александровна – кандидат культурологии

Москва

Olga A. Kuchtenkova — Candidate of Cultural Studies

Moscow

elgaladna@yandex.ru202410072024522850Copyright © Кухтенкова О.А., 20242024Кухтенкова О.А.Kuchtenkova O.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://churchhistory.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/158

Святые Ибар, Айльбе, Киаран и Деклан в XVII в. были названы quattuor sanctissimi episcopi («четыре святейших епископа»). Считается, что они сыграли важнейшую роль в христианизации Ирландии, особенно её южных регионов, и подвизались как проповедники до св. Патрика или одновременно с ним. Сведения о них мы можем обнаружить в собраниях «Vitae Sanctorum Hiberniae», «Мартирологе Энгуса», «Мартирологе Донегола», «Анналах Четырёх Мастеров», Лейнстерской и Пёстрой книге, а также других источниках. Они являются основателями монастырей и епископских кафедр в Сайгире (св. Киаран), Эмли (св. Айльбе), Ардморе (Деклан). Св. Ибар мак Лугна основал обитель на о. Бегерин. В настоящее время почитание этих святых возрождается. Статья представляет опыт по систематизации сведений о четырёх епископах из текстов житий, анналов и других источников, их упоминающих. Задача статьи в определении места указанных святых в жизни ирландского общества и церкви, выявление специфики их образа, духовной и социальной роли в представлении людей раннего периода истории Ирландской церкви (через анализ нарративных паттернов, генеалогий и упоминаний), и краткое описание развития их культа в Новое время. В рамках статьи задача не решается исчерпывающим образом, но намечаются ключевые точки более обширной работы.

In the 17th century, St. Ibar, Ailbe, Ciaran, and Declan were called quattuor sanctissimi episcopi (‘the four most holy bishops’). It is thought that they played a pivotal role in the conversion of Ireland, especially its southern parts, and were preaching Christianity there before or at the same time as St. Patrick. We learn about them from a number of sources, including Vitae Sanctorum Hiberniae, Martyrology of Oengus, Martyrology of Donegal, Annals of the Kingdom of Ireland by the Four Masters, Book of Leinster, and Speckled Book. They are the founders of monasteries and the episcopal sees in Saigir (St. Ciaran), Emly (St. Ailbe), and Ardmore (St. Declan). St. Ibar founded the monastery on the Isle of Begerin. Their veneration is slowly building up again. The paper represents an attempt at systemising what we know about "the four bishops" from their Lives, the annals, and other sources mentioning them. The aim of the article is to place the aforementioned Saints within the life of the Irish society and Church; distill their distinctive features, spiritual, and social role within the early Medieval Church of Ireland (by analysing narrative patterns, genealogies, and mentions); and describe the development of their modern-day cult. While not claiming to present a definitive and exhaustive answer to these questions, the present paper is nevertheless part of an ongoing research into the subject.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.