<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">churchhistory</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский журнал истории Церкви</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Church History</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2686-973X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2687-069X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Silicea-Poligraf LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15829/2686-973X-2025-177</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">ALWNTN</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">churchhistory-177</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>История Церкви</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Church history</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>"Интеллигенция" и "революция духа" в России на рубеже XIX–XX вв.: альтернатива исторической Церкви</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>"The Intelligentsia" and the "Revolution of the Spirit"  in Russia at the Turn of the 19th and 20th Centuries: An Alternative to the Historical Church</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9586-8010</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гайда</surname><given-names>Ф. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gayda</surname><given-names>F. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гайда Федор Александрович — доктор исторических наук, профессор, кафедра Истории России XIX  века — начала XX века исторического факультета</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Fyodor A.Gayda — Habilitated PhD, Professor of Department of Russian History of the 19th Century — Early 20th Century, Faculty of History</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fyodorgayda@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>62</fpage><lpage>78</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гайда Ф.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гайда Ф.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gayda F.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://churchhistory.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/177">https://churchhistory.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/177</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена формированию представления об "интеллигенции" как ведущей духовной силе России рубежа XIX–XX вв. Автор рассматривает полемику об "интеллигенции" и  ее задачах, которая активизировалась в консервативных и  либеральных кругах на рубеже 1870–1880-х гг. Проанализированы зарождение и эволюция народнического представления об "интеллигенции" как секулярной христианской силе. Отмечается значение работ В.А. Тернавцева в  постановке проблемы о  взаимоотношениях "интеллигенции" и Православной Церкви. В статье показано, что уже в начале ХХ в. такая постановка вопроса породила целых ряд идей о  судьбах "интеллигенции": Д. С. Мережковский сформулировал задачу мировой "революции духа", центральную роль в  которой отводил русской интеллигенции; в  полемике с  таким взглядом А. А. Блок, Вяч. И.Иванов, С.Н. Булгаков настаивали на трансформации мировоззрения и поведения "интеллигенции". Булгаковым была озвучена мысль об особой роли "интеллигенции" внутри Церкви.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article is devoted to the formation of the idea of the "intelligentsia" as the leading spiritual force of Russia at  the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. The author examines the controversy about the "intelligentsia" and its tasks, which intensified in conservative and liberal circles at the turn of the 1870s and 1880s. The origin and evolution of the populist idea of the "intelligentsia" as a  secular Christian force are analyzed. The author notes the importance of the works of V.A. Ternavtsev in formulating the problem of the relationship between the "intelligentsia" and the Orthodox Church. The article shows that already at the beginning of the 20th century such a  formulation of  the question gave rise to a number of ideas about the fate of the "intelligentsia". D.S. Merezhkovsky formulated the task of the world "revolution of the spirit", in which he assigned the central role to the Russian intelligentsia. In the polemic with this view, A.A. Blok, Vyacheslav I.Ivanov, S.N. Bulgakov insisted on the transformation of the worldview and behavior of the "intelligentsia". Bulgakov voiced the idea of a special role for the "intelligentsia" within the Church.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>русская интеллигенция</kwd><kwd>народничество</kwd><kwd>Первая русская революция 1905–1907 гг.</kwd><kwd>И.С. Аксаков</kwd><kwd>Г.И. Успенский</kwd><kwd>Н.К. Михайловский</kwd><kwd>В.А. Тернавцев</kwd><kwd>Д.С. Мережковский</kwd><kwd>С.Н. Булгаков</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Russian intelligentsia</kwd><kwd>narodnichestvo</kwd><kwd>First Russian Revolution of 1905–1907</kwd><kwd>I.S. Aksakov</kwd><kwd>G.I. Uspensky</kwd><kwd>N.K. Mikhailovsky</kwd><kwd>V.A. Ternavtsev</kwd><kwd>D.S. Merezhkovsky</kwd><kwd>S.N. Bulgakov</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гайда, Ф. А. (2020). "Русская интеллигенция": рождение понятия. Философия. Журнал Высшей школы экономики, 6(2), 229-248.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gayda, F. A. (2020). "Russian intelligentsia": the birth of a concept. Philosophy. Journal of the Higher School of Economics, 4(2), 229-248. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гайда, Ф. А. (2022). "Русская идея" Ф.М. Достоевского как идея новой Европы. Философические письма. Русскоевропейский диалог, 5(1), 28-49.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gayda, F. A. (2022). "The Russian Idea" of F.M. Dostoevsky as the Idea of a New Europe. Philosophical Letters. Russian-European Dialogue, 5(1), 28-49. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Градовский, А. Д. (2001). Сочинения. СПб., 512 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gradovsky, A. D. (2001). Works. St. Petersburg, 512 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Градовский, А. Д. (2010). Трудные годы (1876–1880). Очерки и опыты. М., 566 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gradovsky, A. D. (2010). Difficult years (1876–1880). Essays and experiments. Moscow, 566 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аксаков, И. С. (1887). Сочинения И.С. Аксакова. Т. 7. СПб., 542 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aksakov, I. S. (1887). Works of I.S. Aksakov. Vol. 7. St. Petersburg, 542 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Достоевский, Ф. М. (1988). Полное собрание сочинений в тридцати томах. Т. 30. Кн. 1. Л., 455 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dostoevsky, F. M. (1988). Complete Works in Thirty Volumes. Vol. 30. Book 1. L., 455 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Иванов-Разумник (1997). История русской общественной мысли: В 3 т. Т. 1. М., 416 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ivanov-Razumnik (1997). History of Russian social thought: In 3 volumes. Vol. 1. Moscow, 416 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Успенский, Г. И. (1956). Полное собрание сочинений в 14 т. Т. 5. М., 495 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Uspensky, G. I. (1956). Complete Works in 14 Volumes. Vol. 5. Moscow, 495 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Михайловский, Н. К. (1989). Литературная критика: статьи о русской литературе XIX — начала XX века. М., 608 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mikhailovsky, N. K. (1989). Literary criticism: articles on Russian literature of the 19th — early 20th centuries. Moscow, 608 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Горький, М. (1973). Полное собрание сочинений. Художественные произведения в 25 томах. Т. 16. М., 635 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gorky, M. (1973). Complete Works. Fiction in 25 Volumes. Vol. 16. M., 635 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Горький, М. (1968). Полное собрание сочинений. Художественные произведения в 25 томах. Т. 1. М., 595 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gorky, M. (1968). Complete Works. Fiction in 25 Volumes. Vol. 1. Moscow, 595 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Андрей, архиепископ Кесарийский (1884). Толкование на Апокалипсис вновь переведенное с греческого, П.М.Б. М., 339 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Andrew, Archbishop of Caesarea (1884). Commentary on the Apocalypse, newly translated from Greek by P.M.B. M., 339 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Половинкин, С. М., ред. (2005). Записки петербургских Религиозно-философских собраний (1901–1903 гг.). М., 543 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Polovinkin, S. M., ed. (2005). Notes of the St. Petersburg Religious and Philosophical Assemblies (1901–1903). M., 543 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Глинка, А. С. (Волжский). (2005). Собрание сочинений в трех книгах. Кн. I: 1900–1905. М., 928 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Glinka, A. S. (Volzhsky). (2005). Collected Works in Three Books. Book I: 1900–1905. Moscow, 928 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мережковский, Д. С. (1914а). Полное собрание сочинений Дмитрия Сергеевича Мережковского. Т. XIV. М., 240 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Merezhkovsky, D. S. (1914a). Complete Works of Dmitry Sergeevich Merezhkovsky. T. XIV. M., 240 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ксенофонтов, И. А. (1996). Георгий Гапон: вымысел и правда. М., 320 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ksenofontov, I. A. (1996). Georgy Gapon: fiction and truth. M., 320 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Моррас, Ш. (2004). Будущее интеллигенции. М., 160 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morras, C. (2004). The Future of the Intelligentsia. Moscow, 160 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Колеров, М. А. (1996). Не мир, но меч. Русская религиозно-философская печать от "Проблем идеализма" до "Вех". 1902–1909. СПб., 375 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kolerov, M. A. (1996). Not Peace, but a Sword. Russian Religious and Philosophical Press from "Problems of Idealism" to "Milestones". 1902–1909. St. Petersburg, 375 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мережковский, Д. С. (1914б). Полное собрание сочинений Д.С. Мережковского. Т. XVI. М., 207 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Merezhkovsky, D. S. (1914b). Complete Works of D.S. Merezhkovsky. T. XVI. M., 207 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ермишин, О. Т., ред. (2009). Религиозно-философское общество в Санкт-Петербурге (Петрограде): История в материалах и документах: 1907–1917: В 3 т. Т. 1. М., 680 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ermishin, O. T., ed. (2009). Religious and Philosophical Society in St. Petersburg (Petrograd): History in Materials and Documents: 1907–1917: In 3 volumes. Vol. 1. Moscow, 680 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Казакова, Н. (1991). Вехи; Интеллигенция в России: Сб. ст. 1909–1910. М., 462 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kazakova, N. (1991). Milestones; Intelligentsia in Russia: Collection of articles 1909–1910. Moscow, 462 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Колеров, М. А. (2023). Революция и христианский социализм в России. С.Н. Булгаков в 1904–1907 гг. Калининград, 256 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kolerov, M. A. (2023). Revolution and Christian Socialism in Russia. S.N. Bulgakov in 1904–1907. Kaliningrad, 256 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
