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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">churchhistory</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский журнал истории Церкви</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Church History</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2686-973X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2687-069X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Silicea-Poligraf LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15829/2686-973X-2025-181</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">AQJVLO</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">churchhistory-181</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>История Церкви</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Church history</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>"Non expedit" в политике Римской католической церкви от Пия IX до Бенедикта XV</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>"Non expedit" in the politics of the Roman Catholic Church from Pius IX to Benedict XV</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0189-3050</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бахматова</surname><given-names>М. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bakhmatova</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бахматова Марина Николаевна — кандидат исторических наук, доцент кафедры этнологии, заместитель заведующего кафедрой этнологии исторического факультета</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina N.Bakhmatova — PhD, Associate Professor of the Department of Ethnology, Deputy Head of the Department of Ethnology, Faculty of History</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mbakhmatova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>23</fpage><lpage>38</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бахматова М.Н., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бахматова М.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bakhmatova M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://churchhistory.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/181">https://churchhistory.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/181</self-uri><abstract><p>В  статье прослеживаются четыре этапа трансформации принципа "non expedit" (не подобает) с  момента его официального введения Пием IX в 1868 г. до его молчаливой "отмены" Бенедиктом XV в 1919 г. Принцип "non expedit" отражает папскую политику переходного периода, которая вначале характеризуется полным неприятием происходивших на Апеннинском полуострове политических изменений, связанных с объединением Италии под властью Савойской династии (17 марта 1861 г.) и утратой папой светской власти после завоевания Рима пьемонтскими войсками (20 сентября 1870 г.). Поначалу Св. Престол надеется на возможность повернуть вспять развитие событий, стремясь блокировать участие итальянских католиков в  политических процессах. По мере укрепления государственной власти Церковь начинает борьбу за итальянской общество, стремясь перехватить у государства и растущих массовых движений левого толка социальную повестку. На каждом из этих этапов важным инструментом воздействия на паству является принцип "non expedit", который рассматривается то как категорический запрет, то как временная педагогическая мера, то как формальный момент, не обязательный к соблюдению. Новое поколение итальянских католиков (Ромоло Мурри, Луиджи Стурцо, Эрнесто Буонаюти и др.) пытается нащупать новый путь развития церковной политики, стремясь примирить исторические реалии с зашедшими в тупик церковно-государственными отношениями. В Италии складывается благоприятная среда для распространения идей христианского модернизма, что делает ситуацию более сложной, так как модернисты выводят на новый, более высокий эпистемологический уровень герменевтику кризисных явлений в церковногосударственных отношениях. В этих условиях Церковь Пия X беспощадно обрушивается на модернистов, ставших собирательным образом всех прогрессивных сил католического мира. Прибегая к "non expedit", Св. Престол отлучает от церкви Ромоло Мурри и вводит обязательность "антимодернистской клятвы". Однако провозглашение в 1912 г. всеобщего мужского избирательного права вынуждает Церковь пойти на компромисс и заключить т.н. "пакт Джентилони" между либералами и католиками. Это означает переход к этапу реальной политики, когда Римская католическая церковь, осознавая необратимость свершившихся перемен, начинает выстраивать новые стратегические сценарии, пытаясь активно осваивать политическое пространство страны.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article traces four stages of the transformation of the principle of "non expedit" from the moment of its official introduction by Pius IX in 1868 to its tacit "abolition" by Benedict XV in 1919. The principle of "non expedit" reflects the papal policy of the transitional period, which at first was characterized by a  complete rejection of the political changes taking place on the Apennine Peninsula related to the unification of Italy under the rule of the Savoy Dynasty (March 17, 1861) and the loss of secular power by the pope after the conquest of Rome by Piedmontese troops (September 20, 1870). Initially, The Holy See hopes for an opportunity to reverse the development of events, seeking to block the participation of Italian Catholics in political processes. As state power strengthens, the Church begins to fight for the whole society, seeking to intercept the social agenda of the state and the growing mass movements of the left. At each of these stages, the principle of "non expedit" is an important tool for influencing society, which is considered either as a  categorical prohibition, as a  temporary pedagogical measure, or as a  formal moment that is not mandatory. A  new generation of Italian Catholics (Romolo Murri, Luigi Sturzo, Ernesto Buonaiuti, and others) is trying to find a  new path for the development of church policy, seeking to reconcile historical realities with stalled church-state relations. In Italy, a  favorable environment is developing for the dissemination of the ideas of Christian modernism, which makes the situation more difficult, as modernists bring the hermeneutics of crisis phenomena in church-state relations to a  new, higher epistemological level. In these circumstances, the Church of Pius X mercilessly attacks the modernists, who have become the collective image of all the progressive forces of the Catholic world. Resorting to "non expedit", the Holy See excommunicates Romolo Murri and imposes the obligation of the "anti-modern oath". However, the proclamation of universal male suffrage in 1912 forced the Church to compromise and conclude the so-called "Gentiloni Pact" between liberals and Catholics. This means a  transition to the stage of real politics, when the The Holy See, realizing the irreversibility of the changes that have taken place, begins to build new strategic scenarios, trying to actively explore the political space of the country.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>non expedit</kwd><kwd>Римская католическая церковь</kwd><kwd>Святой Престол</kwd><kwd>политические выборы</kwd><kwd>Апостольская пенитенциария</kwd><kwd>модернизм</kwd><kwd>римский вопрос</kwd><kwd>объединение Италии</kwd><kwd>Савойская династия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>non expedit</kwd><kwd>Roman Catholic Church</kwd><kwd>Holy See</kwd><kwd>political elections</kwd><kwd>Holy Penitentiary</kwd><kwd>modernism</kwd><kwd>the Roman question</kwd><kwd>the unification of Italy</kwd><kwd>the Savoy Dynasty</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бахматова, М. 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