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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">churchhistory</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский журнал истории Церкви</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Church History</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2686-973X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2687-069X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Silicea-Poligraf LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15829/2686-973X-2020-4-46</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">churchhistory-46</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>История Церкви</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Church history</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Реакция на избрание Иоанна Павла II из перспективы Советского Союза</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Election of John Paul II: the Reaction from the Soviet Union</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0470-4497</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белякова</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Beliakova</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Белякова Надежда Алексеевна, кандидат исторических наук, старший научный сотрудник</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nadezhda A. Beliakova, PhD, Senior Research Fellow at Department of Modern and Contemporary History</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">beliacovana@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6875-498X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Билотас</surname><given-names>В. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bilotas</surname><given-names>V. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Билотас Виктор Петрович, лиценциат церковной истории, докторант, Факультет католического богословия</p><p>Каунас</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viktor P. Bilotas, Church History licentiate, PhD student at Vytautas Magnus University, Faculty of Catholic Theology</p><p>Kaunas</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vbilotas@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт всеобщей истории Российской академии наук</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет Витаутаса Великого</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Vytautas Magnus University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>21</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Белякова Н.А., Билотас В.П., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Белякова Н.А., Билотас В.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Beliakova N.A., Bilotas V.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://churchhistory.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/46">https://churchhistory.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/46</self-uri><abstract><p>В настоящей статье представлена панорама религиозной жизни католиков в разных республиках Советского Союза на момент избрания Римским папой Иоанна Павла II. Авторы описывают концепции, доминировавшие у Советского руководства в отношениях с Ватиканом и отсутствие стратегической линии на международном уровне. Внимание уделяется консолидированному протестному движению католиков в Советском Союзе 1970-х гг., особенно в Литве, и тому, как литовский католический самиздат отразил реакцию на избрание нового Папы. Авторы подчеркивают, что уже к избранию Папы в среде католиков Советского Союза существовало протестное движение, раздавалась регулярная критика в адрес Восточной политики Ватикана, действовали общественные организации, выносившие на публичную повестку дня вопрос о дискриминированном положении верующих и церквей. В статье также описываются усилия Советского руководства по консолидации стран Восточной Европы в отношениях с Ватиканом, попытках играть на разных политических течениях внутри духовенства Католической церкви.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article presents a panorama of the religious life of Catholics in the republics of the Soviet Union at the time of the election of Pope John Paul II. The authors describe concepts that dominated the thinking of the Soviet leadership in its relations with the Vatican, and note the absence of a clear strategy at the international level. They pay close attention to the consolidated protest movement of Catholics in the Soviet Union of the 1970s, especially in Lithuania, and how the Lithuanian Catholic samizdat reflected the reaction to the election of a new Pope. The authors emphasize that by the time of John Paul II’s election, among the Catholics of the Soviet Union there was a growing protest movement, there was regular criticism of the Vatican's ‘Eastern Policy’, and there were public organizations that put the issue of discrimination against believers and churches on the public agenda. The article also describes the efforts of the Sovietleadership to consolidate the countries of Eastern Europe in the context of its relations with the Vatican, its attempts to use to its advantage the differences between political trends within the clergy of the Catholic Church.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Иоанн Павел II</kwd><kwd>Кароль Войтыла</kwd><kwd>католики СССР</kwd><kwd>антицерковная политика в СССР</kwd><kwd>отношения Ватикана и СССР</kwd><kwd>Литва</kwd><kwd>Латвия</kwd><kwd>Украина</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>John Paul II</kwd><kwd>Karol Wojtyla</kwd><kwd>Catholics of the USSR</kwd><kwd>anti-Church policy in the USSR</kwd><kwd>relations between the Vatican and the USSR</kwd><kwd>Lithuania</kwd><kwd>Latvia</kwd><kwd>Ukraine</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Белякова 2006-2010 – Белякова, Н. (2006-2010). 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