churchhistoryРоссийский журнал истории ЦерквиRussian Journal of Church History2686-973X2687-069XSilicea-Poligraf LLC10.15829/2686-973X-2021-72churchhistory-72Research ArticleИстория ЦерквиChurch historyАмериканская католическая пресса: от изоляционизма к воинствующему антикоммунизмуAmerican Catholic Press: From Isolationism to Militant Anti-Communism, 1939-1945https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2831-336XФризГрегори ЛиFreezeGregory L.

Грегори Ли Фриз - историк-русист, специалист в области истории Русской церкви, профессор Брандейского университета (Waltham, MA); научный сотрудник Института всеобщей истории Российской академии наук (Москва). Сфера научных интересов: История России, история Русской церкви, социальная история, история повседневности.

Researcher ID: AAV-1601-2020

Gregory L. Freeze - historian, specialist in the history of the Russian Church, Professor at Brandeis University (Waltham, MA); researcher at the Institute of General History of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow). Special interests - History of Russia, history of the Russian Church, social history, history of everyday life

Researcher ID: AAV-1601-2020

freeze@brandeis.eduBrandeis University United States; Институт всеобщей истории Российской академии наукBrandeis University; Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences20210811202124525Copyright © Фриз Г.Л., 20222022Фриз Г.Л.Freeze G.L.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://churchhistory.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/72

Архивы Католического агентства новостей (КАН) показывают эволюцию взглядов католиков в США от антивоенного изоляционизма к воинствующему антикоммунизму. До 1941 г. большинство католиков в США противостояло вмешательству в европейский военный конфликт, а после нападения Японии на Пёрл-Харбор они патриотически поддержали американские войска и молчаливо согласились на союз с СССР. Однако с весны 1943 г. американские католики стали открыто выступать против коммунистического союзника. Сообщения КАН отражают эту эволюцию. Материалы КАН показывает роль религиозного фактора (и особенно роль религиозных репрессий) в международных отношениях, что во многом объясняет и изменение в советской религиозной политике во время войны. Но архивы КАН также показывают, насколько неэффективно, или даже контрпродуктивно, советская власть вела свою религиозную политику на дипломатическом фронте, прежде всего относительно католиков. Статья также предлагает новый взгляд на так называемое молчание папы Пия XII, в частности на его отказ назвать конкретные страны в качестве виновников военных преступлений, его готовность высказываться только абстрактно. КАН по сути дела служило его замещением: оно выражало то, что папа сам не смог публично сказать, не нарушая своего нейтралитета.

The archives of the Catholic News Agency (CNA) shed valuable light on the transition of American Catholics from antiwar isolationists to militant anticommunists. Until December 1941 most Catholics opposed American intervention in the European military conflict, but after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor they patriotically supported American troops and silently tolerated the alliance with the Soviet Union. But from the spring of 1943 American Catholics began to speak out openly against the communist ally. The news feeds from CNA shed light on this transformation: they underscore the role of religion (and especially the role of religious repression) in international relations, which to a significant degree explain the shift in Soviet religious policy during the war. The CNA archives also show how ineffective, or even counterproductive, was Moscow’s religious policy on the diplomatic front, above all with regard to Catholics. This article also offers a new perspective on the so-called “silence” of Pope Pius XII—his refusal to name specific countries as perpetrators of war crimes, his willingness to speak only in abstract terms. CNA in effect served as his surrogate: it expressed what the pope himself could not publicly say without violating his neutrality.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.