The author analyzes the features and main directions of the discussion, within the framework of which the Jewish question arose in Polish printed texts throughout the 16th century. Both spiritual and secular authors of this period used religious logic, argumentation and motivation in the narratives of the studied works, which testifies not to the “anti-Jewish” or “anti-Semitic” (ethnogenetic) nature of the polemics, but to its anti-Judaic property. The image of the Jew is important for Polish literature of the Early Modern Period, and the Jewish question occupied a significant place, in particular, in the printed embodiment of this literature (the works of S. F. Klonowicz, M. Rej, P. Skarga, M. Bielski, etc.). However, printed texts that directly appealed to the Jewish readership with proselytizing purposes are quite few in number: the majority of anti-Judaic works published in the 16^th century in the territory of the Polish Kingdom were not polemicized with Jews, but with opponents of another Christian confession (pamphlets of Catholics against Protestants, Lutherans and Calvinists against anti-Trinitarians, and so on; the exception is the discussion of M. Czechowicz with Jakub of Bełżyce). Such texts include the works of B. Herbest, J. Górski, W. Neothebel, Grzegorz Pawel of Brzeziny and others. Thus, the main expression of the Jewish question in the Polish press of the 16^th century was the intra-Christian polemic, within which the appeal to Judaism either directly arose from the issue under discussion (such as the question of the relationship between the Old and New Testaments), or was used as a rhetorical device in criticizing the opponent.

This article examines the tradition of pilgrimage tattooing in Jerusalem in relation to Orthodox pilgrims and travelers from Russia, the practice of tattooing Russian Orthodox pilgrims in Palestine, as well as the vector of the development of the tradition of applying a pilgrimage tattoo in the 2nd half 19th — early 20th cc. The channels for disseminating information about pilgrimage tattoos among potential pilgrims, mentions of this tradition in periodicals and in travelogues of pilgrims and travelers are analyzed. The study also involves a corpus of lesser- known sources, which describe the meeting places of Russian travelers and pilgrims with tattooists, the process of applying tattoos and variants of such tattoos. Based on the available data, we draw the conclusions about how widespread the practice of sacred tattooing was among Russian Orthodox pilgrims to Palestine, and the signs of the transformation of practice into tradition in the beginning of 20th c. and analyze the silences about the existence of such a tradition in Russian- language literature. The work also provides an overview of references to the practice of tattooing Russian Orthodox pilgrims in studies on the history of tattooing. For the first time in the history of studying Russian Orthodox pilgrimage, the practice and tradition of tattooing Russian Orthodox pilgrims and travelers to Palestine is the subject of special consideration.

The article examines a map printed in Amsterdam in 1720 by Piscator Jr. It is of considerable interest from the point of view of historical geography for studying the densely populated Russian North with a huge number of towns and villages, temples and monasteries, many of which are now lost. The main topic of the work is the study of rich factual material and the clarification of a number of toponyms, which Dutch masters often wrote down, significantly distorting the Russian names.

The subject of the article is a little- studied issue — an academic discussion on the thesis of Archpriest Mikhail Ivanovich Orlov, Professor of the St. Petersburg Theological Academy (SPbDA), for the degree of Doctor of Theology. His study was dedicated to the Greek and Slavic texts of the Liturgy of St. Basil the Great. Professor Mikhail Orlov made an attempt to publish the text of this liturgy, taking into account all the varieties in manuscripts and printed texts of this liturgy. This work was discussed in St. Petersburg Theological Academy during the public defense procedure by reviewers — Professors Nikolay V. Pokrovsky and Ivan A. Karabinov. They made their critical comments on the substance of the submitted work. The publication of the dissertation was also responded to by the lecturer of the Kievan Theological Academy Vassiliy D. Prilutsky. A few years later the dissertation was nominated for the Akhmatov’s prize, which became the reason for hot discussion in the academical journals between Professor Alexey A. Dmitrievsky and the author of the work. The discussion on the results of the publication, which affected members of the teaching corporation not only of St. Petersburg Theological Academy, but also of the other Theological Academies, allows us to examine the status of historical and liturgical researches in Russia at the beginning of the twentieth century. Moreover, this discussion helps to reconstruct trends in the development of this branch of historical science. The paper describes the standards of liturgical researches in Theological Academies in the early twentieth century.

Диссертация прот. М. И. Орлова "Литургия св. Василия Великого" и результаты ее обсуждения в контексте развития историко-литургической науки в России в нач. ХХ в.